Samsung Computer Drive HM020GI User Guide

M40S Series

H M 0 2 0 G I

H M 0 4 0 H I

H M 0 6 0 I I

H M 0 8 0 J I

Model:

manual

HARD DISK DRIVE service

H a r d D i s k D r i v e

Contents

1. Specification summary

2. Block Diagram of HDD

3. Connector & Jumper Pin Assignments

4. How to check if HDD is working

5. Exploded View

6. Maintenance Cylinder Configuration

7. How to use HUTIL Program

8. How to progress Burn-In Test

9. Caution

Attachment 1. The basic information

related HDD

Attachment 2. HDD related terms

Attachment 3. Q&A

SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE

2. Block Diagram of HDD

PREAMP &

READ/WRITE

CHANNEL IC

WRITE DRIVER

Marvell

Marvell 88C6590

G214M

HDA

CUSTOMIZED IC including

AT CONTROLLER, EMBEDDED

SERVO CONTROLLER, DSP

PROCESSOR, ADC & DAC

Dual-DSP 88I6525

SPINDLE MOTOR &

ACTUATOR COMBO

DRIVER

TLS2502

Internal Flash Ron

1.5Mbit

Buffer 64Mbit

K4S641632H-UC60

HDD

HDA (HEAD DISK ASSEMBLY)

PCBA (PCB ASSEMBLY)

- PCBA

- HEAD

- DISK

- VCM (Voice Coil Motor)

- SPM (Spindle Motor)

M40S

SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE

입력

SPINDLE MOTOR &

ACTUATOR COMBO

DRIVER

Buffer

64Mbit

3.3V

FET

TLS2502

K4S64163

2H-UC60

-3V

1.2V

Channel IC &

HDC

88i6525

18pin Connector

M40S

SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE

3. Connector / Jumper Pin Assignment

●

Serial Connector Interface Signals

Function

Ground

Rx+

Definition

Data

Signal

Ground

Differential Signal Pair

Ground

Connection

Rx-

Ground

Tx+

Differential Signal Pair

Ground

Tx-

Ground

Key and Spacing separate

signal and power segment.

Power

V33

3.3V

Management

3.3V

V33

3.3V

Ground

P10

P11

Ground

Device Activity/Stagger Spin-up

control

This pin was reserved in

SATA 1.0a

P12

P13

P14

P15

Ground

V12

Ground

12V

V12

12V

V12

12V

●

BIOS Setup Parameter

Model

CYL

PRE

SEC

SIZE

Remarks(LBA)

39,179,952

HM020GI

HM040HI

HM060II

HM080JI

38,869

77,622

20 GB

40 GB

60 GB

80 GB

78,242,976

116,374

155,127

117,304,992

156,368,016

M40S

SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE

4. Exploded View

M40S

SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE

<< Major components of HDD >>

HDD is formed by major components as follows: Base, Cover, ARM(E-Block), Latch, Crash Stop,

Pivot Bearing, Breather Filter, Window Clock, Window Push Pin, Jump Pin, Spindle Motor,

Actuator, Magnetic Head, Magnetic Disk, PCBA

1 Base

Base could be a basic frames for HDD assembly. Spindle motor, ARM, VCM, cover and PCBA

are assembled on it, and other components are sub-assembled on those configuration.

ARM and Spindle motor assembled to Head and Disk each in advance,then those are assembled

on Base. If base could be effected by external and internal vibration (spindle motor

& actuator's fake vibration), relative displacement occurred between head and disk so to

reduce this effect to PES(Position Error Signal) and data signal, shape design concerned

mode shaping should be needed.

2 Cover

Cover protect HDD components from the exterior impact and play role of sealing to cut off

particle and moisture which could be a fatal factor to head and disk. Cover is also designed

in consideration of noise and vibration effect.

3 ARM (E-block)

ARM is assembled HGA and VCM coil back and forth and it is connected to pivot axis pivot

bearing. When VCM coil generate torque due to electromagnetic force of VCM, ARM swing around

pivot and play a role of carriage so as head may access to information side of disk.

Inertia: It is the best way to shorten data access time that shows how fast head can

reach to the proper point on of HDD efficiency, is minimizing ARM's weight to decrease inertia.

And then to decrease weight of ARM, it'll be composed low density materials and reduce ARM's

size within safety allowed when designed.

Unbalance: If the center of gravity for ARM isn't the same with that of pivot center,

unbalance occur and it caused ARM to torque.

And acceleration might affect on unbalance mass in condition impact or vibration are given

from the exterior. In case of magnetic latch, this unbalance could be a reason that latch

released. Therefore shape simulation of ARM should be designed lest the center of gravity

should go off center of revolving.

4 Latch

When power HDD off, spindle motor stop spinning and park on the ramp automatically

according to the order systemized. By that time if head is given any impact or vibration

from the exterior, head invade data zone clung to disk. And then data damaged consequently,

Latch solve the problem above as latch makes head maintain to be putted on the ramp from

external shock.

5 Crash Stop

Crash stop is made of elastic material and weaken a impact of actuator in emergency condition,

head getting out of data zone when it move to parking zone or seek.

M40S

SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE

6 Pivot Bearing

Pivot bearing is a roll bearing fixed the center of gyration of ARM. Inner Race is fixed by

screw after being connected to Base pivot and outer Race is fixed by retaining ring after

being connected by ARM's hole and make the ARM's revolving movement actively.

7 Breather Filter

In the interior of HDD, air flow is formed by the spinning disk in high speed and pressure

distribution occurred. This pressure is lower than atmospheric pressure of the exterior of

HDD and due to this, the outside air inflow into the interior caused contamination.

Breather filter fixed in inflow plug induce clean air and help air circulation.

8 Window Clock

Head must know the data's location information to access data on disk. Servo write is

a process of recording information disk. To record information, we make hole that head

for servo write can enter the interior of HDD and this hole is window clock.

This hole is closed with sealing label after done servo writing, be careful not to be

occurred inner contamination due to label's injury.

9 Window Push Pin

Head should be controlled to move on disk at a regular track pitch interval rate during

servo writing. ARM is torqued by VCM continuously and was controlled each track's moving

using push pin. Window push pin is a hole for this, the pin could enter interior of HDA

and be careful contamination caused by label's injury because this hole is closed by sealing

label after done servo writing.

10 Jump Pin

During installing, HDD need setting of pin organization in the next according to

the drive running mode: master drive in single system, master drive in dual system,

slave drive in dual system.

11 Spindle Motor

Spindle motor is a sort of small motor which can change electric energy to mechanical energy

utilizing for magnetic field. When the current of stator's coil formed by electromagnet

is on, magnetic power occur between stator and rotator. (repeal occur between same pole and

attract occur in case of different pole) This power can make rotator revolve and we should

keep on changing the magnetic pole of the stator to maintain rotate at regular speed.

To progress this function, we deduct rotation speed and circuit for controlling needed.

It is possible to control the current flow and time interval with Hall element and MR

element (these are sensitive to voltage change). The magnetic disk of hard disk is running

by DC Brushless direct drive motor directly. Brush has long life and high reliability

because it doesn't have belt. Recently we use flat motor to be adopted to the request of

minimizing. The rotation bearing is supported by Fluid Dynamic Bearing(FDB), this is not

keeping high speed spinning but also reducing resistance even eliminating and this make the

acceleration better.

The life of hard disk is up to the durability of this bearing supporting revolving axis.

Spindle motor rotate a disk media at regular speed.This device start to rotate as soon as

M40S

SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE

put power on and no matter what HDD read or write data,spindle motor always revolve.

Besides accurate reading from the media point of view is possible when maintain the constant

speed within 0.1%,rotation error. The control circuit of spindle motor receive the index data

from the spindle motor or media at every spin and check whether constant speed persists or not

then revise the speed. Spindle motor is applied to DC brushless motor.

12 Actuator

Hard disk has 2 disks so it has 4 written sides, and each side needs each written replay

device, 8 heads needed. This 4 heads can't work independently. Each head is connected with

one carriage and set as running altogether. For example, one head move at tenth track and

then the rest come to move at the same track. Retrieval(information searching) is a moving

the head to track properly. The faster searching speed, the better for a quick access.

It is profitable to use voice coil motor for a fast searching speed. Making narrow

the width and interval of track is for HDD capacity improvement so we can build more tracks

on written side so searching movements in head become subtle. Therefore servo control the

decision of HDD location. Magnetic disk is put standard signal for location marking from the

manufacturing step. Head read this to find the relative difference then run motor mediate

the head's location.

13 Magnetic Head

Magnetic field is formed around the conduct on passing electric current to conductor and

the direction and size of magnetic field are decided by those of an electric current.

Magnetic head build a minute gap in core (formed by ring) and pass an electric current then

strong magnetic leakage are occurred around gap thus magnetic particles of media vary the

direction according to the that of current: this is called recording. On the contrary, a

process induce magnetic signal to electric signal is called reading(decipherment).

14. Magnetic Disk

Recording carrier become a permanent magnet according to applying magnetic material to the

surface and change the magnetization direction of a electromagnet and it is possible to

store information during long term.

15. PCBA

PCBA is a circuit element concerning about HDD running and constructed in

engine IC,COMBO IC,read/write IC,ROM ,and sort of chip etc.

- Engine IC: contained RAM&Interface IC and exchange information to computer.

- COMBO IC: Controlling spindle motor & VCM running when HDD power on.

- Read/Write IC: read/write of HDD

- ROM: Checking HDD basic function and management basic spec.

16. Ramp

2.5 inch drives usually adopt Load /Unload ramp system to prevent head slap for disk basically.

Head is putted safely on the ramp which is located off disk-outer diameter at non-operating

It makes head avoid to slap disk during the external shock. and play a major role to move to

disk smoothly at loading and move smoothly and safely to itself to park head at power-off.

M40S

SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE

6. Maintenance Cylinder Configuration

File Name

Cyl Sector

Size

Ref ID

Descriptions

FSI

File System Information record

Backup copy of FSI

File Information Table

Backup copy of FIT

Maintenance Cylinder Defect List

Servo Table

FSI2

FIT

FIT2

MLIST

M_LIST

SV_TBL

SVOTBL

CONFIG2

CONFIG

SERNUM

BISCRT

BIRSLT

CONFIG2

CONFIG

SERIALNO

BI_SCRPT

BI_RESLT

BI_CRTRA

FNL_TEST

CHN_TBL

GEO_TBL

VLIST_H

VLIST

System Configuration Data

Serial Number

Burn-In Script

111

Burn-In Result

CRITER

FNLTST

CHTBL0

GEOTBL

VLSTHD

V_LIST

Burn-In Criteria

Final Test

Channel Table

Drive Geometry Table

Servo Defect List header

Servo Defect List

SLIST_H

SLIST

SLSTHD

S_LIST

Slip Sector List Header

Slip sector list

512

TLIST

364

801

385

381

382

383

387

401

148

550

T_LIST

Track Defect List

RLIST

R_LIST

Reassign List

TMPRTURE

SET_MAX

SECURITY

SV_TBL2

CHN_TB2

OVERLAY

BI_TIME

ER_CNT

SV_ERCNT

SCN_GRAY

PAR_MON

WK_HEAD

TPI_WRW

MR_TUNE

DLIST

TMPREC

SETMAX

SECUTY

SVBKUP

CHTBL1

OVRLAY

BITIME

Temperature Measurement Data

Set max LBA number

Security data

Servo table backup

Channel table backup

Overlay firmware code

Burn-In test time

396

ERRCNT

SVECNT

SCNGRY

PARMON

WKHEAD

TPIWRW

MRTUNE

D_LIST

Burn-in error count

Burn-in servo error count

Scan gray data

Burn-in channel parameter monitor

Weak head data

Burnin TPI measurement data

MR head tune data

Primary defect list

Geometry table for test/select TPI/BPI

Smart data

768

384

TST_GEO

SMRT

TSTGEO

SMRTBL

SMRTLG

SMRTWT

SMTHLG

BIASHK

SMRT_LOG

SMRT_WTS

SMRT_HLG

BIAS_SHK

END-FIT

Smart log

526

Smart write test

512

370

Smart host log

Bias shock data

End of Record

M40S

SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE

※

Explanation of terms for HDD repairing

CONTENTS

SYMPTOMS

Motor doesn't drive.

When HDD power on, LED is in on and motor

Led is still on/off mode when power on

: PCB failure

NOT READY

(NR)

start to drive. At this time head make

vibration and start to drive then stop the

vibration and led is off at the same time.

Led is still in on mode and doesn't

make any vibration.

DISK DEFECT Symptoms for damage at disk side

ID,MD,OD failure is occurred in

leo test process rate 0 ~ 33% OD

34~ 66% MD

Defect is occurred at the inner part of disk

Defect is occurred at the middle part of disk

Defect is occurred at the out part of disk

67~100% ID

MAINTENANC

Part of basic information like defect etc. in

HDD

CYLINDER

Maintenance cylinder defect

DEFECT(MC)

SPIN MOTOR Motor rotate disk and if it is impacted ,make a When power on, some irregular noise is

NOISE(SM)

big noise due to damage.

occurred at general motor.

how many times does it cost to progress read

test in leo actually

ERASED TIME

This is SUFFECTED in drive

NORMAL TIME Prescribed read test time by product company.

Read and defect free are progressed

AUTO TEST

automatically.

ALT+A Key

Transfer defect on disk into buffer cylinder on OD,MD,ID is occurred when defect free error

DEFECT FREE disk. Defect isn't available for read/

and exceed the capacity to progress defect

write

free. F6 Key

F2 Key

READ TEST

WRITE TEST

DELETE

Read wether damage on the disk side or not

Write the regular data on disk side.

Erase all the previous Data entirely at leo test

pass product.

F4 Key

F7 Key

SYSTEM

HEAD is located at cylinder of disk correctly

and is tested write ,read is available.

PES

HUTIL test PES fail

Product which CD,MD,ID defect is occurred in

HUTIL test is downloaded(head test)by ALT-I

and if it is passed ,only power on

Repeat read,write for with many hours and

progress defect free finally for the product

confidence.

BURN IN

TEST

needed.Repeat led once is pass, fail when

fail happen once more.

To check defect of HDD, svc tool,

read,write,head,pes are manufactured to test

Check menu with F10 Key.

HUTIL TEST

defect and this is available for defect free and Refer to HUTIL manual for usage

other variable test.

M40S

SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE

7. How to use HUTIL Program

1) Before you start

HUTIL support from Voyager11P to PALO series.(HUTIL 1.12 version)

(HUTIL has been upgrading constantly whenever new model comes out.)

- Preparation before use

Diskette or HDD containing HUTIL.EXE should be boot-up to MS-DOS mode,that is,

should be contained IO.SYS, MSDOS.SYS,COMMAND.COM (IO.SYS, MSDOS.SYS: hidden file).

And also HUTIL.CFG is required.

2) Explanation of each menu

[TEST]

SHORT TEST

Menu for random read test, no defect free test.

LONG TEST

Read test from the first cylinder to the last in order,

no defect free test.

READ ALL

Display error list when error is occurred after reading whole cylinder.

Message will be appeared if the test time delay is over 20 seconds compared

with other normal HDD. In this case, HDD may have problem. (Progress

sequential read test from cyl. #0 to the last cylinder. No Defect Free.

- Refer to attachment below.)

READ FROM TO

Read from the designated cylinder and head to the designated cylinder.

Press ESC to stop in the middle.

WRITE ALL

Write 00h on all cylinder except maintenance cylinder.

All data will be removed. (Even partition table, boot sector & FAT)

WRITE FROM TO

Write from the designate cylinder and head to the designated cylinder.

DEFECT FREE

Progress after

command.

Read Drive

Defect free operation for the defects in the error list.

LONG TEST & DF

뭉

Current auto test.Check defect and defect free during read test

examine defect free again.

M40S

SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE

BURN IN

Download burn-In script to HDD.

ERASE & SCAN

Write full surface with 00 pattern and scan full surface.

OD SCRATCH TEST

Check OD for OS area has physical problem.

AV SCAN TEST

scan full surface every 256 Sectors and check elapsed time.

[INFORMATION]

NEW DEFECT LIST

View the error list in memory.

NEW DEFECT MAP

Show defect on drive in graphic mode. These defects are

invisible because of done then these are added after defect

free done B/I & Read test or Auto test separately.

GROWN DEFECT MAP

Show the defects in graphic mode during HUTIL program.

Moving along cursor with up/down arrow key, these keys

are indicated the location of defects in the right list

on disk. This location is agreed with the real location

because skew was concerned in that already.

The color of an arrow is agreed with those of head in

which defect occurred.

※

This function is applying to Voyager10,11,11P currently and this function can't show the

defects during process.

[TOOL]

SET MAX ADDRESS

Control Drive's Max Address

a) PROCESS

Change Max Address to designated size.

b) TARGET LBA

Set Max Address size with LBA.

c) TARGET SIZE

Set Max Address size with MB

d) MODE [NON-VOLATILE, VOLATILE]

Decide Changed Max Address is permanent or volatile

e) RECOVER NATIVE SIZE

Recover to original size

f) DISPLAY CURRENT STATUS

Show Current Size and Original size

M40S

SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE

DCO SET MAX ADDRESS

Control Max Address with DCO Command.

a) PROCESS

Change Max Address to designated size..

b) TARGET LBA

Set Max Address size with LBA.

c) TARGET SIZE

Set Max Address size with MB

d) RECOVER NATIVE SIZE

Recover to original size

e) DISPLAY CURRENT STATUS

Show Current Size and Original size

C. ERASE HDD

Erase all data in Drive. Write with 00 pattern

a) PROCESS

Execute Erase Drive

b) TARGET LBA

Set Erase size with LBA

c) TARGET SIZE

Set Erase size with MB.

d) ERASE MBR

Erase M.B.R. (LBA 0).

e) LOW LEVEL FORMAT

Erase full surface faster with VU Command.

D. SET MAX UDMA MODE

Control UDMA limit

a) PROCESS

Change designated speed

b) UDMA MODE [UDMA 33, UDMA 66, UDMA 100, UDMA 133, SATA 150]

Support mode depends on drive model.

c) DISPLAY CURRENT MODE

Show Current max UDMA mode

※

If setmax is already set on drive, we can't use this function.

E. AUTOMATIC ACOUSTIC MANAGEMENT

Change AAM mode

a) PROCESS

Change designated speed

b) AAM MODE [DISABLE, FAST, MIDDLE, QUIET]

Support mode depends on drive model

c) DISPLAY CURRENT MODE

Show Current AAM mode

M40S

SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE

F. SELF DIAGNOSTIC

diagnostic for end user

G. CHANGE NATIVE SIZE

Control Drive size with VU Set Max Command

a) CHANGE NATIVE SIZE

Change Native Size as designated.

b) TARGET LBA

Set Native Size with LBA

c) F/W REVISION

Change Firmware revision except first 2 charactor.

d) MODEL NAME

Change model name, 'SAMSUNG' should be on model name,

because hutil uses model name it is samsung drive or not.

e) RECOVER ORIGINAL SIZE

Recover to original Native Size.

f) DISPLAY CURRENT STATUS

Show Current native size and original native size.

H. SET SECURITY

Control Set Security

a) SET SECURITY UNLOCK : SECURITY UNLOCK.

Drive is unlocked during drive power is on. after power off, drive will be

locked again.

b) SET SECURITY DISABLE : SECURITY UNLOCK & DISABLE.

Drive is unlocked permanently.

c) SET SECURITY PASSWORD

Lock drive with designated Password.

d) PASSWD : Password

e) IDENTIFIER : USER/MASTER

f) LEVEL : HIGH/MAXIMUM

I. VENDOR UNIQUE SET SECURITY

Unlock drive without user password.

a) VU SET SECURITY UNLOCK : SECURITY UNLOCK.

Drive is unlocked during drive power is on. after power off, drive will be

locked again.

b) VU SET SECURITY DISABLE : SECURITY UNLOCK & DISABLE.

Drive is unlocked permanently.

c) VU SET SECURITY PASSWORD :

Lock drive with original password

J. 48BIT LBA SUPPORT

Change drive 48bit lba on/off

[OPTION]

ABOUT HUTIL

M40S

SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE

Version of HUTIL.

DOS SHELL

Execute DOS Shell. If you want back to HUTIL, input EXIT.

DRIVE INFORMATION

Open the information window about the target HDD.

Press to close.

ESC

EXIT TO DOS

End HUTIL program.

3) The others

- Difference of read test and auto test

(Difference from HUTIL user, refer to supplement )

①

How to Read All/From Test: In "read all test" case, only show error status on screen not to

progress D/F(defect free) but to read. This method is available for test

in case of lots of set because we can save D/F time if defects are

occurred.

※

In case of S/C in Europe(All-in), progress the test by using read test(F2).

First, progress "all read" and if defect is occurred during progress, decide failure or

B/I judgment quickly to select set promptly in state fail limit and B/I limit are decided

according to defect numbers. This progress is available for test in case of lots of set.

A weak point is that limit is hard to be decided because LED user judge "pass" or B/I

"failure" for himself.

※

Pass standard of EDC in case of S/C in Europe(All-in)

⇒

: Progress test

- Standard of B/I test: Progress test

judge B/I test after B/I down loading.

defects are occurred no more than 0 ~ 4

progress D/F

judge "pass".

⇒

defect is occurred less than 5 ~ 200

⇒

- Failure standard: Progress test

defect is occurred more than 200

failure

(little bit differ from real case because the standard is a example which HUTIL

user progress the test after data analysis.)

②

→

media check

How to Short/ Long Test : Head check

PES check

M/C check

If defect is occurred during media test,progress D/F keeping on test progress.

In case of Auto test, failure code is appeared on screen so failure is judged commonly.

It takes lots of times because defect is progressed whenever error occurred.

※

Two methods above have weak and strong point both, so apply these to proper condition.

(Auto test)

- Standard of failure judgment

①

Head Check

ⓐ

Write Head: All heads are progressed to write at the last cylinder (ID region).

If it is fail to write due to cylinder error, progress again in the next inner

cylinder. Record failure status to the corresponding head after progress error

check to all 10

→

Pass ... )

cylinders.( e.g.: Head 0

Fail, Head 1

ⓑ

→

remark "failure" if error occurred in

Read Head: Seek 100 cylinders per OD, MD, ID regions

M40S

SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE

3 times per region. ( Judge failure by reading not the whole cylinder but

servo sector only because it is apt to mistake failure to head failure due to

scratch)

②

PES Check (PES, RCO, Mechanism)

: Compare PES value from the first cylinder starting OD(except MC ),MD,ID region to the 3rd

→

cylinder. (Check 30 times per 1 cylinder)

3 times per 1 cylinder.

Remark "failure" when error occurred more than

③

Maintenance Cylinder Check(M/C): Read Maintenance cylinder from the number of 0 to the last.

In case of "MC", remark "failure" when error happened in one time.

→

④

Media Check

: Read from OD to ID region same as the existing read test function and progress "D/F"

whenever defect occurred.

ⓐ

Auto Defect Free: Reading along OD to ID region, progress "D/F" promptly if defect occurred.

Read the next sector if no defect occurred and progress D/F if defect occurred.

When we don't have any more cylinder space for D/F, stop progressing D/F and then remark

defect status for the next 30 defects occurred from the D/F stopping location.

Remark failure:

ⓑ

- If the number of defects are same in OD,MD,ID region

→

remark failure in order of OD > MD > ID.

- If the number of defects are different in OD,MD,ID region

→

remark failure in region have the most defects among OD,MD,ID region

□□

continuousness: Continuous scratch more than 15 cylinders

divergence: Divergent scratch less than 15 cylinders

□□

⑤

Test OK: Remark "Test OK" if no problem occurred when test done.

If it passed due to D/F, remark "Defect free by pass~" and show the corresponding

failure region in the below. At this time, input the code of failure region shown

and the control code 'is a "Defect controlled".

※

Display Read time with checking during Read test,

(Stop reading if expecting read time exceeded +10 when 50 % tested.)

4) HUTIL Error message

①

Error messages

- ECC ERROR: Where the data was written (data writing dimension in sector, data zone)

occur physical damage (hard related error: disk ding by head caused by impact

and vibration) or logical damage. (soft related error: error is occurred during

writing) Logical error(damage) could be cured by re-writing.

- DATA AM NOT FOUND ERROR: Damaged address mark(AM:current address information of data)

among the structure of sectors, containing the logical and physical

defect.

- ABORTED COMMAND: Message when HDD can't recognize the fixed order in program.

(PCBA failure or HDA failure.)

M40S

SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE

②

Example of disk failure

< Error List >

CYL

HD(Head)

SEC

117

106

110

Error List

ECC Err

Data Am Not Found

ECC Err

117

120

159

170

171

172

173

174

190

191

ECC Err

152

102

ECC Err

Most of case,defects(cylinder)are sporadic or continuous but if defects are partly -continuous,

disk could be judged disk failure.

It is called the continuous defects "scratch" it means that head is scratched the disk side

in the direction of arc or straight due to impact or vibration after motor run.

M40S

SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE

③

Example for Head related failure

< Error List >

CYL

HD(Head)

SEC

117

106

110

Error

ECC Err

Data Am Not Found

ECC Err

152

102

ECC Err

Compared with disk failure,head related failure occur in particular HD(head) from the first

cylinder and this is occurred continuously.(it is occurred in two more heads)

If failure is continuous, we are confused if it is head failure or disk failure. At this time

read the edge of cylinder again then it is head failure if error still be continuous at the

particular head and disk failure in sporadic case. And failure occurred with changing cylinder

and head continuously, it is called assembly failure in inner HDA or caused from other problem.

(HDA related failure )

< Error List >

CYL

HD(Head)

SEC

Error

117

ECC Err

106

110

Data Am Not Found

ECC Err

152

102

ECC Err

M40S

SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE

HUTIL Test Flow/Error Code

Codes marked as red among broken codes are displaying automatically in HUTIL Program!

Label error

[AJ44]

[AJ45]

[AJ12]

[AJ13]

[AJ32]

Label damaged

PCBA burnt

PCBA ERROR

HDA ERROR

Appearance

PCBA ding,break

HDA ding,scratch

PCBA

HDA

exchange

PCBA No spin

PCBA Not ready

HDA No spin

HDA Not ready

ROM failure

[AJ35]

[AJ36]

[AJ33]

[AJ34]

[AJ39]

[AJ46]

[AJ37]

PCBA ERROR

HDA ERROR

Power Test

AUTO TEST

PCBA&HDA failure

MOTOR Noise

↓

START

HEAD ERROR

HEAD failure

[AJ43]

HEAD Check

①

②

Write head in Max cylinder before write test (if Error: -Next Cyl TEST (until 10Cyl if it is fail)

Seek Test: 100Cyl Seek per dimension (if 3 more error per dimension, Fail) (OD: 100, MD:

50, ID:-100)

PES ERROR

PES Check

PES FAIL

[AJ47]

RRO ERROR

MECHANISM

M/C ERROR

M/C Check

M/C FAIL

[AJ48]

Maintenance Cylinder 0 ~ Maintenance Cylinder : When it Read to Happen Error on CYL number1

HEAD RETRY

I/D scatter hits.

I/D continuous

M/D scatter hits.

M/D continuous

O/D scatter hits.

O/D continuous

SEEK NOISE

[AJ42]

[AJ22]

[AJ23]

[AJ24]

MEDIA ERROR

MEDIA Check

[AJ25]

[AJ26]

[AJ27]

[AJ38]

Hand TEST

※

↑

continuoud: more than 15Cylinder

Virus

AUTO

DEFECT FREE

VIRUS

[SJ15]

Fdisk/Format

SYSTEM

ERROR

FAT,format error [SJ16]

compatibility

[SJ13]

Booting

TEST OK

[SJ19]

[SJ12]

[SJ23]

TIMEING

ERROR

control speed

other failure

PASS

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SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE

8. How to progress Burn-In Test

1) Summary of B/I Test

Progress defect detection and reliability test of HDD according to program written in

± ℃

, humidity 50 10% stress condition.

maintenance/cylinder in temperature 40

2) Progress B/I Test

①

A way of detection for HDD defect by reading/ writing the existing written information.

3) Flow sheet.

①

Down load if small defect like mentioned above occurred.(Progress ALT-I in HUTIL program)

(Be sure to check download before progress B/I program. Led off if there is no program down

loaded or maintenance/cylinder is unreadable.)

ⓐ

As Main and B/I Firmware are separate from VG11/VG11+ series, progress test after changing

to B/I Firmware before test.( if B/I finished, change main firmware.)

Check appearance & jumper pin status.

②

(B/I test is Led off if jumper pin connection is incorrect.)

③

④

⑤

Connect drive to power supply.(same as drive ready.)

If drive is progressing burn-in regularly,led blink after ready.

If drive is progressing burn-in irregularly,led off after ready.

(Led Off or ready state if the initial state isn't burn-in low or cont-in flow when we check

B/I program by loading burn-in program: written by how to B/I flow, SETC 0,SETH 0,

SETS 5,(M/C region)

⑥

Mark failure and Led frequency appear when lots of defects are occurred or error in drive

is occurred during burn-in test.)

⑦

Led is repeated one time if pass after done test.

(Be cautious because burn-in test time is different by every model)

⑧

Write end-in flow on maintenance/cylinder if pass after done test and write fail-in flow

in fail case.

⑨

Led blank after write the test result. Pass: repeat one time. Fail: the number of error code.

4) Subject of B/I Program

Progress B/I Program

- Main order: LED Bilnk

: Format

: Change Pattern

: Change Slvel Label

: Change Retry Count

: ECC ON/OFF

: Read Track Reverse

: Read Track Forward

: Write Track Forward

: Write Track Reverse

: Random Write

: Random Read

- Record M/C if error happened

: recording location - from CYL 1, Head 0 SEC 1

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SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE

5) Failure status and repairing

Failure state

State

Method

Remarks

●●

Jumper pin

connection

failure

-LED off after

-Check the location of jumper pin and

execute to change.

DXX:All sorts of jumper

DCF:Size operation pin

DSP:Master/slave operation

-C/D:Master/slave operation

ready when drive

is connected.(Not

execute burn-in )

(The location of jumper pin is always

in "-C/D".)

Not down load -Led off after

ready when drive

-Don't execute down load

:execute again.

-Read cyl:1, head:0, sec:5 on

Maintenance/cylinder and check the

burn-in program write state.Be sure

to be in

is connected.(Not

execute burn-in)

"Burn-in Flow" state if dump.

1.INIT 0 2.SETC 1 3.SETH 0

4.SETS 5 5.PHRD 1 6.DUMP

- Write location according to

test result

-Order"Can't~" is

occurred during

progressing down

load(ALT-I)in LEO

program.

-Order"Can't~" is occurred during

re-progressing in down load

state,check the drive burn-in state.

CYL:1 HEAD:0 SEC:10

Read Program

1.INIT 0

2.RTRK 3.ADDH 1

4.JLUP 2

MAINTENANC -Can't read burn-in -Error is occurred in reading

-Check the error state by

reading CYL:1 HEAD:0 SEC:5 in

maintenance/cylinder.

E /CYLINDER program so

read Failure perceive as not

maintenance/cylinder or no error is

occurred in writing&formatting

down loaded state. maintenance/cylinder,progress pre-test

again or down load then execute

-Execute one more heads during

writing & formatting not one head

only.(Failure can't duplicate if

Burn -in.

-If failure is occurred in entire head

during writing or formatting ,check out check the same head )

after changing PCBA.

-If defect is occurred, catch hold of

failure symptom and failure degree

then progress operation,execute servo

write change disk.

(process in head office.)

LED failure

-Drive is ready

regularly but only

led can't run.

-Due to led specific & imperfect

soldering - change PCBA then repair.

PCBA failure

Power cable

failure in

-NO power state

-Off condition if

power cable is

-Execute again after changing PCBA.

-Short occur when it is connected

drive to power cable, then come to

burn-in rack

connected to drive. off so unplug power cable and

reconnect in 30 second.

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SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE

9. Caution

※

Hard disks are very fragile electro-mechanical devices, which are very sensitive to external

shock and vibration, therefore be careful when you use not to be impacted and broken

by static electricity.

1) Handling Damage example from impact

①

If you move HDD while it is running: Spindle motor of the interior in HDD start to spinning

at high speed as soon as power on. Accordingly, if you move HDD without fixing previously

when power on, head is possible to collide disk and at this time floating particles occur.

And these particles damage to disk then cause failure.

②

If you dropped or knocked HDD: If you dropped or knocked HDD even though while it isn't

running, head collide disk due to vibration of ARM and at this time floating particles occur.

And these particles damage to disk then cause failure.

2) Damage example for static electricity

①

Man is easily charged with electricity so if we handle PCBA of HDD, the high-voltage

affect on IC or circuit and this become a failure cause.

3) Unconsciousness characteristic of product

①

Keeping the interior of HDD stainless make work regularly without particle of head or disk

therefore the interior of HDD is configurated in clean room,after done configuration all

cracks through the exterior are sealed by label so if user doesn't recognize this

characteristic, disjoint the HDD or remove Label or loose Screw could be a failure factor

caused by polluted particle.

4) Caution in center

①

There is such case that failure set is arrived in head S/C attaching label written failure

name to PCBA or the connecting part between cover of HDD and base after screen about failure

set receipted in center. In this case we have difficulties in repairing because we can't

remove label. It still looks like failure appearance after done repairing in case of

attaching to PCBA and if attaching label to the connecting part of cover and base, we can't

open cover when we need to separate and repair in clean room. Consequently be sure to mark

failure name in cover only.

②

③

Packaging requirement1 : Be sure to pack with anti-static bag, forwarding to the head S/C

as well as sending to customer after done preparing is the same. HDD is very fragile

electro-mechanical devices mentioned above, if we don't keep this, failure is getting worse

while forwarding.

Packaging requirement2: Be sure to put HDD in direction of 40 pin connect lower

certainly. Follow the example form of the head S/C package model. In corrugated card

board box,20 block-formed sponges is in the box. Then HDD, piled anti-static bag in each

partition, lay in the sponge 40 pin connect is lowered.

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SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE

Attachment 1. The basic information related HDD

※

The basic information of HDD

The logical elements constituted hard disk

①

Track: The data inputted by computer was written at tracks on disk. The tracks, in spite of

invisible,are the concentric circles from the center of disk to the outside.

The tracks are divided into spaces regularly. The number of tracks is different according to

the size and capacity of disk.

②

Sector: Data are recorded in track on disk, it means data is written on tracks which is

divided into sector on disk. The data is written on tracks which is divided into sector on disk.

A sector is a piece of pizza,naming track.

③

Side: Disk has two sides like a coin has the front and the back side.

The front side of disk is side 0, the back is called side 1.

④

Cylinder: The definition of cylinder is added the meaning of track and side.

A track 1 on side 1 is different from a track 1 on side 2. But cylinder 0 means the both

of tracks in side o and 1. That is cylinder 0 means all number 0 of tracks on both sides.

Cluster: Disk has physical mechanism that constituted track (divided by the location of

read/write head ) and sector (divided by track). It's a fact that there is a real logical

factor, that is cluster, make the data can read/write.

⑤

One cluster consists of two sectors usually. The capacity is 2 Kbyte commonly in hard disk.

But we are cautious that no matter what the data is so small,use one independent cluster.

For example, a cluster occupy 1 Kbyte can't written any other files.

The rest of cluster are useless. If we have 1,025 Kbyte file, we need two cluster to written.

If the size of cluster is getting bigger, the efficiency of disk is lower but the speed of

that is faster than.

※

refer to picture - Track,Sector,Side

Wudfn

Vhfwru

Vlgh 4

+Xs,

Vlgh 3

+Grzq,

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SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE

2) The logical mechanism of hard disk

Hard disk consists of boot record, FAT, root directory, data field.

①

Boot Record: Boot record is consists of sector 1, track 0, side 0.

Boot record is the one of most important parts. It has some information about the physical

structure of disk. If boot record is vanished, the disk is useless entirely.

The physical information mean, for example, the number of FAT, capacity of disk something

like that. Also has boot record also contains programs to make work the operating systems.

The program which is capable of working the operating systems is the definition containing

several specific information like the number of byte per sector, the total of sectors in disk.

FAT: It says that quota information field: that is the memory field about where the file is

located in real data field. Just like we are known the rooms occupied or empty by a hotel

account book. Most files occupy several cluster not just one cluster. Cluster belong to a

files is scattered in many parts on disk, not existing constantly. If cluster is vanished

or destroyed, we don't know the linking state. So we can't read files properly.

Root Directory: All of disk have only one root directory. Root directory exist certainly

whether sub directory exist or not. Root directory is the memory field which remember the

files on disk and the list of sub directory. And sub directory is treated as files in root

directory. Using the disk is restricted when root directory is damaged like as file quota table.

②

③

3) Terms about hard disk

①

Seek Time: Seek time is referred to the time that head in disk takes to located a particular

piece of data which has information the head want to read. Disk speed is getting faster

according to seek time speed. Strictly speaking, seek time of track vs track tell the more

accurate disk speed. Seek time of track vs track refer to the time that the disk head which is

in present location move to the just next side of sector of track.

②

Access Time: The access time for disk drives includes the time it actually takes for the

read/write head to locate a sector on the disk (called the seek time). For example, the last

read head located on track 3 and the next information is located on track 4,the time to try

want read(access time) is the same for a seek time of track vs track. But we are not sure the

location of the next information we regard this as a average time. This is an average time

since it depends on how far away the head is from the desired data, it is similar to a time

that head takes to spin a half of the whole track.

④

Latency: In general, the period of time passing through the unreadable region.

Its time is similar to passing time across the half of hard disk circle.

⑤

Inter-Leave: The physical sector numbers among the continuous sectors logically on disk.

Logical sector is not corresponding to that of physical: the reason is that disk head needs

some time can read next sector from the first sector accepting data. Disk head has to keep

spinning the while. If a data in sector1 and next data in sector 2:1:1 inter-leave,

in sector 3:1:2 inter-leave. 1:1 isn't always efficiency because data of the sector1 receive

from memory then try to receive sector2, if the disk is already spun, need one more spin.

⑥

Partition : The logical region of disk. Normally disk divides logical region into

physical region. The former contains side,track,sector and the latter contains partition.

In dos systems, you can partition a disk and each partition will behave like a separate

disk drive.Dos recognize two sort of partitions.

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SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE

ⓐ

DOS PARTITION : This is to dos as system disk is to floppy disk and dos is run

by this partition.

ⓑ

EXTENDED DOS PARTITION : The rest region of the disk was occupied by dos partition.

The size of partition from dos 4.0 isn't restricted, hard disk over 32MB(to DOS 3.3)

must be treated as a independent drive each diving two more partitions.

⑦

Transfer Rate: The mass of controller is transferred a data from hard disk. That is

transferring to computer after reading the data from hard disk. Transfer rate depends on

how faster the disk spin and how many data sector is recorded.

⑧

Cache: One of method to optimize capacity of disk drive. Drive using read cache send

a data to host computer ,on the contrary write cache used when host send to drive.

ⓐ

Read Cache: How to read the continuous data as well as data needed by host.

This is possible because the files in drive storage orderly. If the host want information

read before, we transfer information data in buffer without reading dada again.

This can be picked up the speed.

ⓑ

Write Cache: All data transferred from host are received in buffer of disk drive, host is

informed that written already. While disk drive is recording,host can record another

information therefore system efficiency is improved. But this is risk loss of data when

power is cut off before recording the data yet. PC use write cache within operating systems

like smart drive, so PC doesn't have such like a risk. Disk controller,which manages the

interchange of data between drive and computer,and hard ware and soft ware in the circuit

of disk controller and disk drive. PC is used AT(IDE) and SCSI interface normally.

ⓒ

Disk controller,which manages the interchange of data between drive and computer,and hard

ware and soft ware in the circuit of disk controller and disk drive. PC is used AT(IDE) and

SCSI interface normally.

⑨

⑩

IDE Drive: Abbreviation of Integrated device electronics. This drive make all circuits

connected to AT bus directly by putting within drive, we call this general AT drive.

Enhanced IDE: Current IDE spec only two drive can be attached and the speed isn't fast.

The higher capacity of system,the lower that of the whole system due to that of HDD. Enhanced

IDE is an improved IDE-AT Interface spec. resolve the problem like lower transferring speed

and 528MB barrier cause by current BIOS. Fast-IDE Interface or local bus IDE-AT Interface are

the same.

⑪

SCSI: Current IDE spec only two drive can be attached and the speed isn't fast. The higher

capacity of system,the lower that of the whole system due to that of HDD. Enhanced IDE is an

improved IDE-AT Interface spec. resolve the problem like lower transferring speed and 528MB

barrier cause by current BIOS. Fast-IDE Interface or local bus IDE-AT Interface are the same.

⑫

Defect-Free: A region isn't able to read exist in media. When we find defect like this in

manufacturing process, we replace with the normal region. Thus we can supply perfect drive to

user. Defect magnet is a method can arrange the defects in read/write from the replaced sector.

⑬

ECC On-the-Fly: A region isn't able to read exist in media. When we find defect like this in

manufacturing process, we replace with the normal region. Thus we can supply perfect drive to

user. Defect magnet is a method can arrange the defects in read/write from the replaced sector.

⑭

Multi-Zone Recording: Zone-bit recording or constant recording are the same. In case we

record data on spinning disk in constant frequency signal, shorten the inside caliper and

lengthen the outside diameter. If we make this evenly, the capacity of drive is improved.

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SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE

⑮

Master/Slave/Cable Select: When we attached 2 IDE drive, one is master and the other is slave.

Being a M/S whether or not of drive is determined by jump in drive or cable select.

●

BPI: Abbreviation of bit per inch, recording density towards a circumference. Usually we

decide the maximum diameter of track.

●

Buffer: The RAM where executed data between HDD and host computer is stored in RAM

temporary.

The resolution of the bottleneck according to difference of speed and improving the efficiency.

Controller: Same as disk controller, chip or circuit make possible transfer command and data

of computer according to HDD.

●

DMA: Abbreviation of direct memory access, a technique for transferring data from main memory

to a device without passing it through the CPU. This is useful for making quick backups and

for real-time applications.

※

Servo

Local control technology enable to read and write data.When spinning flatter high-speeded

read data, head is the accurate position according to the position written data,this

technology could be a standard about HDD efficiency. Local controller apply stepping

spindle motor or voice coil motor to head located in actuator and settled a position.

More over another important factor is how far the magnetic head could fly on the surface

of hard disk. The lower the height of magnetic head is, the narrower the magnetic region

on the disk surface, so the more data can be read or written on the same disk surface.

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SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE

Attachment 2. Explanation of HDD terms

Access

Read, write, or update inforamtion on some storage medium such as a disk.

The interval between the time a request for data is made by the system and the time the data

Access time is available from the drive.Access time includes the actual seek time, rotational latency and

command processing overhead time.

Actuator

The internal mechanism that moves the read/write head to the proper track

Allocation

The process of assigning particular areas of the disk to particular data or instructions.

Allocation

Unit

An Allocation unit is a group of sectors on the disk that can be reserved for the use of a

particular file.(usually in the form of sector, block or cluster)

Buffer

An area of RAM reserved for temporary storage of data that is waiting to be sent to a device.

Air Bearing Surface. Establish flat surface slantingly at the both sides of head to make head

rise on disk by using air pressure.

ABS

Access

Access time

Reading, writing, updating information stored in disk.

Time from requesting data to assuring data on disk in system.

(contained seek time, rotational latency, command processing overhead time)

Actuator

AFR

Mechanism of making read/write head move to the proper track.

Annualized Failure Rate. Accumulated failure rate.

Allocation

Process of storing Data instruction at the particular region in disk.

Allocation

Unit

Remaining sector set on disk to be used for specific file.

(commonly, in form of sector, block, cluster )

APM

Advanced Power Management Hardware.

Areal

Density

Recording capacity per 1 square inch. Areal Density = BPI

TPI [Mb/Inch]

Assembled HGA(Head Gimbal Assembly) and VCM at the back and forth of ARM. Parts which

is connected to pivot bearing of base. (Parts enable to move head to proper location on Base

physically)

Arm

Advanced Technology interface or IDE. Interface to be designed for IBM transfer PC.

AT Attachment Device. Device is equivalent to ANSI ATA spec. HDD, contained tape drive,

CD-ROM.

ATADevice

Improved the existing AT interface, Interface is correspond to E-IDE of W/D by suggestion of

Seagate

ATA-2

Audit

Examine the factory.

Average

Seek Time

The average time it takes for the read/write head to move to a specific location.

protect information recorded in media from damage by breaking the remained current flowed to

head in magnetic body.

Back Gap

Bad Block

A block (usually the size of a sector) that cannot reliably hold data because of meadia flaw or

damaged format markings.

Lead plate to maintain the balance of ARM. (The amount of disk and head are different in case

of different capacity of the same series, so this maintain the center of gravity because the

center of gravity of ARM is changing according to those of head changing. )

BALANCING

PLATE

Basic frame for parts assembling of HDD. spindle motor, arm, VCM, cover, PCB are assembled

on Base.

Base

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SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE

Abbreviation of pivot bearing, Mediator of Arm and Base which is located in the center of ARM

and it can rotate smoothly.

BEARING

Bezel

BIOS

bit

A plastic panel that extends the face of a drive so that it covers a computer's drive bay opening.

Basic Input/Output system: Control program/sub-program can control computer and around device.

A binary digit may have one of two values-1 or 0

Located in the first track and sector in disk where store physical structure information of disk.

(sector1, track 0, side 0)

Boot Record

BPI

Abbreviation of Bit Per Inch, it means the recording density towards circumference. Generally it

decided to the value of maximum track.

BPS

Bit per second. Data transferring speed, transferring bit numbers per second.

BPSI

Bits per square inch = areal density, Bit numbers per 1 square inch, BPSI=BPI x TPI

Breather

Filter

Filter to prevent contamination occurred inside due to outside air, it is putted on air plug.

Temporary RAM to store data between HDD and host computer, it is used for efficiency

improvement.

Buffer

Burn-in test Reliability test with changing temperature, voltage condition.

Bus

The part of a chip, circuit board, or interface designed to.

Unit of digital information. 1 Byte is 8 bit.

Byte

Optimizing method for drive efficiency, read cache is for data transfer from drive to host

computer and write cache is from host to drive. (256KB in normal. It mediate the bottle-neck

due to speed difference between drive and PC host)

Cache

Capacity

Information amount could be stored in HDD. Units are MB, GB

Clean Room No particle room for MP or RMA of HDD. Grade of 1000ppm, 100ppm, 10ppm etc.

CLIP-FPC

Clock

Components to assemble FPC and SUPPORT-FPC.

Timing standard signal to treatment balance.

The logical factor to read/write real data. One cluster is bind 2 sectors generally, its size is

2kbyte.

Cluster

Compatibility

test

Test hardware device or software's compatibility to confirm compatibility.

Controller

Cover

Disk Controller also, chip or circuit can be transfer data order of computer to available to HDD.

Protect parts within HDD from the exterior impact and particle and moist ,the fatal fact caused

head and disk failure.

Central Processing Unit. Control input/output device and sending, computing,recording data and

output the result.

CPU

Protect activator's impact in emergency condition when head move to parking zone or come off

data zone.

Crash Stop

CRC

Abbreviation of Cyclic Redundancy Code, detect error differ from ECC containing error correcting

function. For protect ID data.

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SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE

Data is recorded on lots of circle in media in HDD, we call these circles track.. We record data

at both sides of media and HDD has many media layers. so it has several tracks which have

the same radius, we call this concentric circle collection of track Cylinder. Tracks are divided to

sector and it organized ID information and data and ECC. ID information is a sort of address

information to seek data sector requested from host computer.

Cylinder/Trac

k/Sector

Data

Separator

Separate complex data/clock signal from HDD stored data/timing information encoded form.

Restore encoded signal.

Decoding

Dedicated

Servo

Concentrate servo signal (Timing & location control signal) on on side of drive.

Defect

Management

Find defect and treat data from replaced sector on read/write.

HDD vendor received disks from media vendor for smooth supply and proper price and these

media has defect( region can't read write data), by scanning defect during production process

and replacing normal region so we can product defect-free drive. Defect management means

scanning defect and treatment process from replaced data during read/write.

Defect-Free/

Defect

Management

Disk

Head record data in this circle plate, magnetic disk is general.

Group assembled the separate HDD for large capacity.

Disk array

Direct Memory Access, data transferring method among system memory and HDD without CPU.

By using DMA, CPU can do other works while data transferring, efficiency become improved.

DMA

DOA

dead on arrival, arrival failure.

DPPM

Defect parts per million, failure unit.

Drive

Geometry

Functional definition according to the numbers of head,cylinder,sector per track.

Design Verification test.

DVT

ECC

Error correction code. Correct error data, controller scan and correct error combining user data

and parity bit.

ECC is Error Correction Code, Additional recording information per every sector. By ECC

creation logic, data is added on disk and checking and correcting with reading. If it is

correctable error without read action stopping, we call this ECC on-the-Fly with hardware's help

within controller.

ECC

on-the-Fly

E-IDE

Enhance

IDE

Revised interface in IDE way, new specification to improve the existing method has problem of

low speed.

Embedded

Servo /

Dedicated

Servo

Embedded Servo: Arrange servo signal(timing,location control signal) to data and data track in

parallel. Dedicated Servo: Mechanism of dedicated surface of disk have timing and positioning

information only.

Encoding is a data transferring method before recording data pattern to disk and Decoding is on

the contrary. To read recorded data more easily and accurately, Encoding and Decoding should

be needed. Coding methods are MFM.(2.7)RLL.(1.7)RLL.

Encoding/

Decoding

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SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE

The existing IDE specification enable to adhere only 2 drives and transferring speed was low.

But HDD efficiency are resulted to low the whole capacity according to getting system efficiency

higher. Enhanced IDE has specification of revised IDE-AT interface by current BIOS and 528Mb

barrier and we settled the low speed problem with this new spec. Same as Fast-IDE Interface

or Local Bus IDE-AT Interface.

Enhanced

IDE

EOL

End of Life.

EPROM

EVT

Erasable programmable read only memory.

Engineering verification test.

File allocation table. Data table is recorded at the most outer side of disk, inform sector

location and order of each recorded file to Operating system.

FAT

FCI

Flux change per inch. magnetization rotation density per unit inch.

Flux Change Per Inch. Magnetization rotating density per unit inch. Concerned with BPI, this

value is decided by track has maximum radius. BPI is proportion to FCI according to difference

of coding method.

FCI/FCPI/Flu

x Density

FDD

Floppy Disk Drive. 5.25"/3.5" drive is used for PC

FILTER

Firmware

Components filtering particle from the flowed air to the inside/outside of HDA.

Hardware control program, this is stored in

Flash

Memory

Among PROM of the memory for searching only which can re-write, memory chip enable to

rewrite and erase the old contents electrically.

Flexure

Assembly

Control rising by Slider ABS, flying height of slider and make slider move to proper track by

connecting to head positioning mechanism.

Flux Density Flux density, the number of magnetic field pattern can be recorded on the disk surface.

Distance between Read/write head and disk surface. Air resistance due to disk rotation can

maintain this distance, the small flying height is, the large data recording density is, but it need

more specified mechanical design.

Flying

Height

Form factor Industrial specification decided diameter of Disk. 3.5", 2.5" in case of Samsung.

Recording the particular signal to divide track and sector and this information should be recorded

Format

on disk in first before user want to store data. Be careful because formatting erase all recorded

information.

Formatted

capacity

Available HDD capacity after HDD formatting.

Flexible Printed Circuit, or PCC, inputted parts enable to flow current to the flexible material.

(Polemize)

FPC

Status of soldering IC, CAPACITOR, 14PIN CONNECTOR to FPC surface or connecting

HOLDER-FPC, SUPPORT-FPC, CLIP-FPC.

FPC ASS'Y

GASKET

Parts made of rubber to protect inner inflow air and moist from the outside of HDD

Data storing unit. Accurately 1,073,741,824 bytes(1024*1024*1024), i.e. 1,000MB

GigaByte(G

GMR Head

Half height

Giant Magneto Resistive head. New type head of MR head.

One of the standard height specification of HDD and the real height is 1.6inch

Hard

Error/Soft

Error

Hard error is a continuous misreading due to defect of disk surface) and it can read correct

data if in case of read again, we call this soft error.

Head Disk Assembly, half assembled product of HDD. SPINDLE MOTOR, DISK, HSA, VCM etc.

are sealed within Base and Cover.

HDA

HDA label

Label remarked assembly status of Disk/Head by 5digit-english & number.

M40S

SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE

Hard Disk Drive, memory device by transferring data to permanent magnetic field rather than

digital pulse. It organized HDA and PCBA.

HDD

Head

Read/write data on disk directly. (MIG, Thin film, MR,GMR)

The damages of read/write and media cause a sudden contact between head and disk surface,

they are also occurred because of dust,particles or other contamination within HDA.

Head Crash

Head Stack Status ARM and HGA assembled.

Height

HGA

Vertical height of HDD ( 1 inch height is used generally in case of 3.5" drive)

Head Gimbal Ass'y, recording and replaying data and it organized slider and suspension for

supporting slider, usually we say Head..

High-Level

formatting

Progressing mechanism to format program of management system. Root directory, File allocation

table created.

HOLDER-FP

Parts made of plastic enable to make routing FPC.

HSA

HEAD STACK ASS'Y,. Assembled HGA with FPC ASS'Y in ARM.

Herz. The number of event during 1 second.

Data Input/output

I/O

Integrated circuit.. Electric circuit,assembly of elements of transistor,diode,resistance on the thin

plate of semiconductor. CPU of PC and RAM are sort of IC.

Integrated Device Electronics. In IBM PC AT, drive type enable to connect all circuits to AT

Bus directly

IDE

Integrated Device Electronics, In IBM PC AT, drive enable to connect all circuits to AT Bus.

Generally, AT drive.

IDE Drive

Initialize

Refer to low level formatting.

Disk controller to manage data between drive and computer and hard ware & software contained

within disk drive circuit. AT(IDE) and SCSI interface are usually used in small computer system.

Interface

Interleave/

Interleave

Factor

Order of sector arranged within track. For example, interleave factor is 3:1 then arranged by 3

sectors for sector interval, that is, it is possible to read sector2 after reading sector1 by leaping

over 2sector. We need 3 rotations to read all data of track. Now days, Most interleave is 1:1.

IQC

Incoming quality control. Inspection process for import.

Jumper

Jumper Pin

Device in type of hardware, it decide HDD connecting status (Master/Slave etc.)

A small parts enable to choose drive running mode.(Master/Slave)

KB = Kilo Byte, MB = Mega Byte, GB = Giga Byte. K,M,G have double meanings. First,

K=1000, M=1000000, G=1000000000, second K=2^10=1024, M=2^20=1048576,

G=2^30=1073741824. The second one is more accurate mean on HDD capacity, but we usually

we use by the first one.

KB/MB/GB

Both of them means the landing location of head when spindle motor stopping. This zone used

for protecting the risk of data damage caused from the contact between head and disk, this

zone is not stored. Recently most drives using VCM are designed head should be landed in

landing Zone automatically.

Landing

Zone/Parking

Zone

Latch

Parts enable to hold ARM putting on head in constant power.

LATCH

SCREW

HEAD is located in parking zone on off, at this time latch screw connected in parking magnetic

and make head fixing. (latch force is determined by magnetic power )

Waiting time until target sector seek time after Read/Write Head arriving at the target track.

(Generally, 1/2 of spindle cycle ). One cycle time of disk is 16.7ms in case of spin speed is

3600rpm, then average waiting time should be 8.3ms. This Latency is a one of most factor for

drive efficiency, transferring speed is better getting shorter waiting time.

Latency/Rota

tional

latency

M40S

SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE

LBA mode

LED

Logical block allocation. DOS mode to resolve 528MB capacity restriction.

Light Emitting Diode. Used for signal light to all kind of electric containing computer.

One of standard height of HDD, the real height is 1 inch.

Low profile

Low-level

formatting

Operating system make sector on disk enable to access in proper region in order to create file

structure.

HDD become booting when put 2 more IDE drives. ( decided C:, Managed master/slave by

Jumper control & CMOS setup)

Master

When 2 IDE drives operated, one drive become Master(drive C: or drive 0) and the other is

Master/Slave Slave.(drive D: or drive 1) Master/Slave is determined by using jumper within drive or Cable

/Cable

select

select method. jumper setup is different from companies,so refer to usages, Cable Select has a

complex jumper method so drive become master/slave automatically according to decided signal

for Cable Select..

Media

Aluminium

Plate substrate coating with magnetic body. Casting with lubricant to prevent damage for Head

landing/off, where data stored in form of magnetic flux or politary change.

Mega

Byte(MB)

Data storage unit. Accurately 1,048,576 Bytes(1,024*1,024). that is 1,000KB

Clock speed unit for PC, clock occur million times per second

Collection of CPU function to LSI( large IC).

Mega

Hertz(MHz)

Microprocess

Read metal in gab head, Improved head has high valued inductance by inserting metal around

gab of core.

MIG

Millisecond

MMX

One thousandth. Speed unit of HDD efficiency.

Multimedia Extension. Intel's new CPU chip. Added new 57 orders to run image and sound,

efficiency is improved about 10~20%.

Mass production.

MPC

Multi-media Personal Computer

Magnetic Resistive head. For high-efficiency HDD, IBM developed the marginal head which is

enable to separate read/write applying MR elements to read head of thin film head.

MR head

MRB

material review board.

Mean Time Between Failure, average time of occurring failure. This is one of most important

reliability factor, not the actual measured value but the calculated value of every companies.

MTBF

MTTF

MTTR

Mean Time to failure. same as MTBF

Mean Time To Repair, average time to repair. Generally the replacing time of PCBA or HDA.

Zone-Bit Recording, Constant Recording. While recording data on rotating disk, the inside

diameter get shorter of sector length and outside diameter get longer of that if the frequency of

signals is constant. So we make drive capacity higher if make the sector length same with

outside diameter and inside diameter. We also say Constant Angular Velocity, CAV and

Constant Linear Velocity, CLV.

Multi-Zone

Recording

MVT

ORT

Maturity Verification Test, Test for MP possibility.

On-going reliability test. Test for MTBF and long time test in normal condition. ( Burn in test

progress with mal-condition)

Operating System. Control and manage computer system to use more easily for user.

(DOS, UNIX etc.)

Outer Crash

Stop

Parts decide outer range as ARM can move, this parts is a stopper of HEAD out of DISK.

M40S

SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE

Time to perform the real order for controller, host adaptor and drive. The faster overhead is,

the faster performing time.

Overhead

Overwrite

Recorded data erased by overlapping the existing data.

Parking

Zone

= Landing Zone

When we use one HDD for multi ones dividing section logically, every memory section is

partition, For example, 2.5GB HDD can be used for one 2.1GB computer and one 400MB.

Partition

PCBA

Printed Circuit Board Assembly. Kind of IC and Chips are Soldered on board and make run

HDA, PCBA is a half-finished goods.

PCMCIA

Pentium

Personal Computer Memory Card International Association.

586 Microprocessor to apply IBM type developed by Intel

Pentium

Pro(P6,686)

Pentium's next CPU. 5.5 billion transistor integrated. There are 150, 166, 180, 200MHz.

Peripheral

PIO

Additional device except basic CPU. There are Disk Drive, Tape Drive, CD-ROM.

Programmed Input/Output.

Pivot

Bearing

Roll bearing is fixed on the rotating center of ARM.

Plated

Media

Disk is covered with hard metal alloy rather than disk Iron-oxide compound.

The more data could be stored.

Platter

POH

Metal disk record data within HDD

Power On Hour, used for MTBF.

Power PC

PQT

RISC type CPU is developed by IBM, Apple and Motorola commonly.

Pre-qualification test

Partial Response Maximum Likelihood, this is a read/write method to improve recordi density and

data transferring rate. This method enable to improve capacity as 30% more than the existing

data transferring by using Peak Detection.

PRML

PVT

Production verification test

QMS

Quality management system. Overall quality management system

Redundant Arrays of Independent Disks. To protect a sudden data damage, connect HDD in

parallel and diverge data , that is high speed back-up device enable to improve data

preservation and low speed access for tape the problem of the current back-up device.

RAID

RAM

Random access Memory. Semiconductor memory enable to input and search,we have DRAM

and SRAM.

Look-ahead method is not only reading data requested from host but also reading- ahead

continuous data to buffer sequentially, We improve data transferring speed because we don't

need to read again in time host request information pre-read by applying for file's sequential

saving method.

Read cache

Read

Order of reading all data from HDD, read sector occur interrupt per every sector transferring,

Sector/Read read multiple occur interrupt per designated sector number by set multiple order. Also read DMA

multiple/Rea occur interrupt only one time after transferring data from host request. For example, 4 is chosen

d DMA

by set multiple and host need 10 sectors then the below picture draw how to occur Interrupt.

Recoverable

Err/Uncovera Similar to Soft Hard err. Recoverable err means it is possible to read normally though data was

ble read wrong, unrecoverable err means it is impossible to recover error by any means.

Err/Correcta Correctable err is belong to Recoverable err, this is recovered by software ECC.

ble Err

M40S

SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE

RETAINER

RING

Component could fix bearing when inserted to ARM.

Encoding method "run length limited data" to magnetic pulse.

It can store data 50% more than MFM(Modified Frequency Modulation) method.

RLL

RMA

Return Material Authorization

Searching only memory. memory would not erase during off, so we use this to program or data

need not change in PC. Mask ROM input contents when it's manufactured and PROM recorded

program by user.

ROM

Root